`2.` He has played guitar since he was a child.

`-` since (kể từ khi) + S + Ved/c2 (mệnh đề QKĐ)

`3.` The restaurant has recently opened in our neighbourhood.

`-` DHNB: recently (gần đây) `->` Thì HTHT

`4.` She has already visted three different countries this year.

`-` DHNB: already (đã rồi) `->` Thì HTHT

`5.` I have not received any response to my job application.

`-` response to sth: phản hồi cho cái gì

`-` 'any' được dùng trong câu phủ định

`6.` Have you ever traveled to a foreign country and experienced its different cultures?

`-` travel to swh: đi du lịch đến đâu đó

`7.` She has not achieved her goals despite her efforts.

`-` achieve one's goal: đạt được mục tiêu

`-` S + V + despite/in spite of (mặc dù) + N/N phr/V-ing

`8.` Have you ever stepped out of your comfort zone and tried other international cuisines?

`-` Have/Has + S + ever + Vpp? `->` Hỏi xem ai đó đã làm gì bao giờ chưa

`-` step out of: bước ra khỏi

`-------`

`***` CT thì HTHT (Present Perfect):

`(+)` S + have/has + Vpp

`(-)` S + haven’t/hasn’t + Vpp

`(?)` (WH-/How-) + have/has + S + Vpp?

`->` Yes, S + have/has

`->` No, S + haven’t/hasn’t

`-` Have/Haven’t + I/We/You/They/chủ ngữ số nhiều

`-` Has/Hasn’t + He/She/It/chủ ngữ số ít