Từ ch4 hãy điều chế các chất

$2CH_4 \xrightarrow[1500^\circ\text{C}]{\text{Làm lạnh nhanh}} C_2H_2 + 3H_2$

`a)` 

`-` PE:

$C_2H_2 + H_2 \xrightarrow{Pd/PbCO_3, t^\circ} C_2H_4$

$nCH_2=CH_2 \xrightarrow{t^\circ, p, xt} -(CH_2-CH_2)-_n$ (PE)

`-` PP

$2C_2H_2 \xrightarrow{t^\circ, xt} CH \equiv C-CH=CH_2$

$CH \equiv C-CH=CH_2 \xrightarrow{+2H_2, Ni, t^\circ} CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3$

$CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3 \xrightarrow{\text{cracking}} CH_2=CH-CH_3 + CH_4$

$nCH_2=CH-CH_3 \xrightarrow{t^\circ, p, xt} -(CH_2-CH(CH_3))-_n$

`-` PVC

$CH \equiv CH + HCl \xrightarrow{HgCl_2, 150-200^\circ\text{C}} CH_2=CHCl$

$nCH_2=CHCl \xrightarrow{t^\circ, p, xt} -(CH_2-CHCl)-_n$

`-` PVA

$CH \equiv CH + CH_3COOH \xrightarrow{t^\circ, xt} CH_3COOCH=CH_2$

$nCH_3COOCH=CH_2 \xrightarrow{t^\circ, p, xt} -(CH_2-CH(OOCCH_3))-_n$

`b)`

`-` Polystyrene (PS):

$3C_2H_2 \xrightarrow{C, 600^\circ\text{C}} C_6H_6$

$C_6H_6 + C_2H_4 \xrightarrow{H^+} C_6H_5-CH_2-CH_3$

$C_6H_5-CH_2-CH_3 \xrightarrow{t^\circ, xt} C_6H_5-CH=CH_2 + H_2$

$nC_6H_5-CH=CH_2 \xrightarrow{t^\circ, p, xt} -(CH(C_6H_5)-CH_2)-_n$

`-` Cao su Buna

$2C_2H_2 \xrightarrow{CuCl, NH_4Cl, t^\circ} CH \equiv C-CH=CH_2$

$CH \equiv C-CH=CH_2 \xrightarrow{+H_2, Pd/PbCO_3} CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2$

$nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2 \xrightarrow{Na, t^\circ, p} -(CH_2-CH=CH-CH_2)-_n$

`-` Cao su Buna-S

$nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2 + nC_6H_5-CH=CH_2 \xrightarrow{Na, t^\circ} -(CH_2-CH=CH-CH_2-CH(C_6H_5)-CH_2)-_n$

`-` Cao su Buna-N:

$CH \equiv CH + HCN \xrightarrow{xt, t^\circ} CH_2=CH-CN$

$nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2 + nCH_2=CH-CN \xrightarrow{t^\circ, p, xt} -(CH_2-CH=CH-CH_2-CH(CN)-CH_2)-_n$