Đồng phân của C4H10
\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
\text{STT} & \text{Công thức cấu tạo}\\
\hline
1 & \text{CH}_3\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3\\
\hline
2 & \text{CH}_3\text{-CH(CH}_3\text{)-CH}_3\\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

Phản ứng thế halogen của C4H10
\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Đồng phân} & \text{PTPU} & \text{Sản phẩm chính/phụ}\\
\hline
\text{n-butan} &
\text{CH}_3\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3+\text{Cl}_2
\overset{as}{\rightarrow}
\text{CH}_3\text{-CHCl-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3+\text{HCl}
&
\text{SP chính}\\
\hline
\text{n-butan} &
\text{CH}_3\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3+\text{Cl}_2
\overset{as}{\rightarrow}
\text{CH}_3\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{Cl}+\text{HCl}
&
\text{SP phụ}\\
\hline
\text{iso-butan} &
\text{(CH}_3\text{)}_3\text{CH}+\text{Cl}_2
\overset{as}{\rightarrow}
\text{(CH}_3\text{)}_3\text{CCl}+\text{HCl}
&
\text{SP chính}\\
\hline
\text{iso-butan} &
\text{(CH}_3\text{)}_3\text{CH}+\text{Cl}_2
\overset{as}{\rightarrow}
\text{(CH}_3\text{)}_2\text{CH-CH}_2\text{Cl}+\text{HCl}
&
\text{SP phụ}\\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Đồng phân của C5H12
\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
\text{STT} & \text{Công thức cấu tạo}\\
\hline
1 & \text{CH}_3\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3\\
\hline
2 & \text{CH}_3\text{-CH(CH}_3\text{)-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3\\
\hline
3 & \text{C(CH}_3\text{)}_4\\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

Phản ứng thế halogen của C5H12
\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Đồng phân} & \text{PTPU} & \text{Sản phẩm chính/phụ}\\
\hline
\text{n-pentan} &
\text{CH}_3\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3+\text{Cl}_2
\overset{as}{\rightarrow}
\text{CH}_3\text{-CHCl-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3+\text{HCl}
&
\text{SP chính}\\
\hline
\text{iso-pentan} &
\text{CH}_3\text{-CH(CH}_3\text{)-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3+\text{Cl}_2
\overset{as}{\rightarrow}
\text{CH}_3\text{-CCl(CH}_3\text{)-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3+\text{HCl}
&
\text{SP chính}\\
\hline
\text{neo-pentan} &
\text{C(CH}_3\text{)}_4+\text{Cl}_2
\overset{as}{\rightarrow}
\text{(CH}_3\text{)}_3\text{C-CH}_2\text{Cl}+\text{HCl}
&
\text{Chỉ tạo 1 SP}\\
\hline
\end{array}
\]