`1.` Với $CH_3CHO$ (Etanal)

`+` `\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}` +  $CH_3CHO$ : Không xảy ra ở đk thường

`+` $CaO$ `+` $CH_3CHO$ : không xảy ra

`+`  $H_2$ `+`  $CH_3CHO$ `\overset(Ni, t^@)(->)` $CH_3CH_2OH$

`+` $CH_3CHO$ `+` $2[Ag(NH_3)_2]^+$ `+` $3OH^-$ `to` $CH_3COO^-$ `+` $2Ag$ `downarrow` `+` $2NH_3$ `+` $2H_2O$

`2.` Với  $CH_3CH_2COOH$

`+` $CH_3CH_2COOH$ `+` $C_2H_5OH$ $\buildrel{{H_2SO_4 đặc, t^@}}\over\rightleftharpoons$ $CH_3CH_2COOC_2H_5$ `+` $H_2O$

`+` $CaO$ `+`  $CH_3CH_2COOH$ `to` $(CH_3CH_2COO)_2Ca$ `+` $H_2O$

`+` $H_2$ `+`  $CH_3CH_2COOH$ : Không xảy ra ở đk thường

`+` $CH_3CH_2COOH$ `+` $AgNO_3/NH_3$: không xảy ra

$\color{darkviolet}{T}\color{violet}{h}$ $\color{plum}{ủ}\color{mediumpurple}{y}$