`ttcolor{purple}{@thuyhien}`

`star` Công thức:

`@` Gerund: V-ing

`->` Dùng danh động từ (gerund) để diễn tả một hành động như một danh từ

`@` Perfect Gerund: Having + V3/V-ed

`->` Dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động đã hoàn thành trước một hành động khác

`@` Perfect Participle: Having + V3/V-ed

`_______________________________`

`1.` I knew that there were ants in the grass. I didn't like to sit down.
`->` Not liking to sit down, knowing that there were ants in the grass. 

`2.` I had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't like to go any further without a light.
`->` Having heard that the caves were dangerous, I didn't like to go any further without a light.

`3.` I had looked through the fashion magazines. I realized that my clothes were out of date.
`->` Having looked through the fashion magazines, I realized that my clothes were out of date. 

`4.` She had spent the night in the water. She swam to the shore.
`->` Having spent the night in the water, she swam to the shore.