1. He hasn't called me for a long time.

- It's + time + since + S + (last) + V2/ed

= S + hasn't/haven't + VpII + for/since + time

2. How long ago did he get the job?

- When + did + S + V-inf?

= How long ago + did + S + V-inf?

3. If I were you, I would book a table in advance.

- ĐK loại 2: If + S + V2/ed - were + O, S + would (not) + V-inf

4. I would rather not tell them the secret.

- S + would rather (not) + V-inf

5. Were I to improve my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job.

- Đảo ngữ loại 2:

+ Were + S + to V-inf, S + would/could (not) + V-inf

6. In order to get good seats, we arrived early.

- In order to + V-inf: để làm gì

-> chỉ mục đích

7. She spent nearly an hour doing the crossword. 

- S + spends(s)/spent + time + V-ing: ai đó dành thời gian làm gì

8.  He was made to confess after three days

- Bị động made:

+ S + tobe + made + to V-inf + (by O)

9. Physics is not as easy as Maths for Nga.

- So sánh không ngang bằng:

+ S1 + tobe + not + as + adj + as + S2

10. You ought to see a doctor.

- ought to do sth: nên làm gì 

= S + advise sb to do sth: ai đó khuyên ai làm gì