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31
M = 3xyz – 3x2 + 5xy – 1
N = 5x2 + xyz – 5xy + 3 – y.
Tính M + N; M – N; N – M.
M+N
= (3xyz – 3x2 + 5xy – 1) + (5x2 + xyz – 5xy + 3 – y)
= 3xyz – 3x2 + 5xy – 1 + 5x2 + xyz – 5xy + 3 – y
= (3xyz + xyz)+( –3x2 + 5x2) + (5xy – 5xy) – y + ( – 1+3)
= 4xyz + 2x2 – y + 2
M – N = (3xyz – 3x2 + 5xy – 1) – (5x2 + xyz – 5xy + 3 – y)
= 3xyz – 3x2 + 5xy – 1 – 5x2 – xyz + 5xy – 3 + y
= (– 3x2 – 5x2) + (3xyz – xyz) + (5xy + 5xy) + y +(– 1 – 3)
= –8x2 + 2xyz + 10xy + y – 4.
N-M = (5x2 + xyz – 5xy + 3 – y) – (3xyz – 3x2 + 5xy – 1)
= 5x2 + xyz – 5xy + 3 – y – 3xyz + 3x2 – 5xy +1
= (5x2 + 3x2)+ (xyz – 3xyz)+( – 5xy – 5xy) + (3 + 1 )– y
= 8x2 – 2xyz – 10xy – y + 4.
32
a) P + (x2 – 2y2) = x2 - y2 + 3y2 – 1
⇒ P = (x2 – y2 + 3y2 – 1) – (x2 – 2y2)
= x2 – y2 + 3y2 – 1 – x2 + 2y2
= (x2 – x2) + ( – y2 + 3y2+ 2y2) – 1
= 0+ 4y2 – 1= 4y2 – 1.
Vậy P = 4y2 – 1.
b) Q – (5x2 – xyz) = xy + 2x2 – 3xyz + 5
⇒ Q = (xy + 2x2 – 3xyz + 5) + (5x2 – xyz)
= xy + 2x2 – 3xyz + 5 + 5x2 – xyz
= (2x2+ 5x2) + (- 3xyz – xyz) + xy + 5
= 7x2 – 4xyz + xy + 5.
33
a) Ta có: M = x2y + 0,5xy3 – 7,5x3y2 + x3
và N = 3xy3 – x2y + 5,5x3y2
⟹ M + N = (x2y + 0,5xy3 – 7,5x3y2 + x3) + (3xy3 – x2y + 5,5x3y2)
= x2y + 0,5xy3 – 7,5x3y2 + x3+ 3xy3 – x2y + 5,5x3y2
= (– 7,5x3y2 + 5,5x3y2) + (x2y – x2y ) + (0,5xy3 + 3xy3)+ x3
= –2x3y2 + 0 + 3,5xy3 + x3
= –2x3y2 + 3,5xy3 + x3.
b) Ta có: P = x5 + xy + 0,3y2 – x2y3 – 2
và Q = x2y3 + 5 – 1,3y2.
⟹ P + Q = (x5 + xy + 0,3y2 – x2y3 – 2) + (x2y3 + 5 – 1,3y2)
= x5 + xy + 0,3y2 – x2y3 – 2 + x2y3 + 5 – 1,3y2
= x5 +(– x2y3 + x2y3)+ (0,3y2 – 1,3y2)+ xy +(– 2 + 5)
= x5 + 0 – y2 + xy + 3.
= x5 – y2 + xy + 3.
34
a) Ta có: P = x2y + xy2 – 5x2y2 + x3 và Q = 3xy2 – x2y + x2y2
⇒ P + Q = (x2y + xy2 – 5x2y2 + x3) + (3xy2 – x2y + x2y2)
= x2y + xy2 – 5x2y2 + x3 + 3xy2 – x2y + x2y2
= x3 +(– 5x2y2 + x2y2)+ (x2y – x2y) + (xy2+ 3xy2)
= x3 – 4x2y2 + 0 + 4xy2
= x3 – 4x2y2 + 4xy2
b) Ta có: M = x3 + xy + y2 – x2y2 – 2 và N = x2y2 + 5 – y2
⇒ M + N = (x3 + xy + y2 – x2y2 – 2) + (x2y2 + 5 – y2)
= x3 + xy + y2 – x2y2 – 2 + x2y2 + 5 – y2
= x3 + (– x2y2 + x2y2) + (y2 – y2) + xy + (– 2 + 5)
= x3 + 0 + 0 + xy + 3
= x3 + xy + 3.
a) M + N = (x2 – 2xy + y2)+ (y2 + 2xy + x2 + 1)
= x2 – 2xy + y2 + y2 + 2xy + x2 + 1
= (x2+ x2) + (y2 + y2) + (– 2xy+ 2xy) + 1
= 2x2 + 2y2 + 0 + 1
= 2x2 + 2y2 +1
b) M – N = (x2 – 2xy + y2)– (y2 +2xy +x2 + 1)
= x2 – 2xy + y2 – y2 – 2xy – x2 – 1
= (x2– x2) + (y2 – y2) + (– 2xy – 2xy) – 1
= 0 + 0 – 4xy – 1
= – 4xy – 1.
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