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`2.`

`a)(23 . 37 - 11 . 37) : 37`

`= (23 - 11) . 37 : 37`

`= 23 - 11`

`= 12`

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`b)91 . 172 + 91 . 13 - 91 . 85`

`= 91 . (172 + 13 - 85)`

`= 91 . 100`

`= 9100`

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`c)5^3 . 73 - 5^3 . 36 - 37 . 25`

`= 5^3 . (73 - 36) - 37 . 25`

`= 5^3 . 37 - 37 . 5^2`

`= (5^3 - 5^2) . 37`

`= 100 . 37`

`= 3700`

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`d)45 + 15 . 13 - 3 . 2^4`

`= 15 . 3 + 15 . 13 - 3 . 16`

`= 15 . (3 + 13) - 3 . 16`

`= 15 . 16 - 3 . 16`

`= (15 - 3) . 16`

`= 12 . 16`

`= 192`

`3.`

`a)[316 - (35 . 4 + 16)] : 8 - 24`

`= [316 - (140 + 16)] : 8 - 24`

`= [316 - 156] : 8 - 24`

`= 160 : 8 - 24`

`= 20 - 24`

`= (-4)`

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`b)4 . 5^2 - 81 : 3^2 + 5^2 . 3 - 18 : 3^2`

`= 4 . 25 - 81 : 9 + 25 . 3 - 18 : 9`

`= 100 - 9 + 75 - 2`

`= 91 + 73`

`= 164`

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`c)5^8 : 5^6 + 2^2 . 3^3 - 2022^0`

`= 5^2  + 4 . 27 - 1`

`= 25 + 108 - 1`

`= 133 - 1`

`= 132`

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`d)(9 - 7)^3 + (-15) + 2021^0`'

`= 3^3 - 15 + 1`

`= 27 - 15 + 1`

`= 12 + 1`

`= 13`