Đun nóng 23,7(g) KMnO4 trong một thời gian thu được 22,26 (g) hỗn hợp chất rắn A
a) Viết PTHH
b) Tính hiệu suất phản ứng
c) Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong A

Question

nhunguyet12 · Answer

Đáp án:a+b;
2KMnO4 -- > K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Áp dụng ĐLBT khối lượng: Khối lượng chất rắn giảm sau pư chính là khối lượng khí O2" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">O2 tạo thành
Khối lượng khí O2" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">O2O2 thu được:   23,779&#x2212;72,6=6,4g" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">−22,26=1,44g
Số mol khí O2" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">O2 : 1,446,4:32=0,2(mol)" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">:32=0,045(mol)
Theo PTHH, số mol KMnO4 bị nhiệt phân là: 2.0,2=0,4(mol)" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">2.0,045=0,09(mol)
Khối lượng KMnO4 bị nhiệt phân là: 0,4.158=63,2g<79g" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">0,09.158=14,22gg
&#x21D2;KMnO4" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">⇒KMnO4⇒KMnO4 bị nhiệt phân không hoàn toàn
Khối lượng KMnO4 dư: 23,779&#x2212;63,2=15,8(g)" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">−14,22=9,48(g)
Số mol K2MnO4 thu được: 0,0450,2mol" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">mol
Khối lượng K2MnO4 thu được là: 0,2.197=39,4(g)" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">0,045.197=8,865(g)
Trong hh X gồm: KMnO4" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">KMnO4KMnO4 dư; K2MnO4;MnO2" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">K2MnO4;MnO2K2MnO4;MnO2
Vậy thành phần % khối lượng các chất trong hh X là : 
&#x0025;KMnO4=15,8.100&#x0025;72,6=21,76&#x0025;" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">%KMnO4=9,48.100%/22,26=42,58%
&#x0025;K2MnO4=39,4.100&#x0025;72,6=54,27&#x0025;" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">%K2MnO4=8,865.100%/22,26=39,83%
&#x0025;MnO2=100&#x0025;&#x2212;21,76&#x0025;&#x2212;54,27&#x0025;=23,97&#x0025;" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">%MnO2=100%−&#x0025;KMnO4=15,8.100&#x0025;72,6=21,76&#x0025;" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">42,58%−&#x0025;K2MnO4=39,4.100&#x0025;72,6=54,27&#x0025;" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">39,83%=17,59%
b/ Hiệu suất pư nhiệt phân KMnO4" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">KMnO4
H&#x0025;=63,2.100&#x0025;79=80&#x0025;" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0">H%=14,22.100%/23,7=60%
 
Giải thích các bước giải:

Lazuli0908 · Answer

`a)`
`2KMnO_4`$\xrightarrow{t°}$`K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2+ O_2`
`b)`
`n_{KMnO_4} = {23,7}/{158} = 0,15(mol)`
Theo pt: 
`n_{O_2} = 1/2n_{KMnO_4}= {0,15}/2 = 0,075(mol)`
Thực tế:
`n_{O_2} = {23,7 - 22,26}/{32} = 0,045(mol)`
`H% = {0,045}/{0,075} .100 = 60%`
`c)` 
Theo pt: 
`n_{MnO_2} = n_{K_2MnO_4} = n_{O_2} = 0,045(mol)`
`%m_{K_2MnO_4} = {0,045 .197}/{22,26} .100 = 39,8%`
`%m_{MnO_2} = {0,045 . 87}/{22,26} .100 = 17,6%`
`%m_{KMnO_4} = 100 - 17,6 - 39,8 = 42,6%`

Đun nóng 23,7(g) KMnO4 trong một thời gian thu được 22,26 (g) hỗn hợp chất rắn A a) Viết PTHH b) Tính hiệu suất phản ứng c) Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong A

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Đun nóng 23,7(g) KMnO4 trong một thời gian thu được 22,26 (g) hỗn hợp chất rắn A a) Viết PTHH b) Tính hiệu suất phản ứng c) Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong A

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