1 We started learning English five years ago. ->We have ….……………………………………………………………………… 2. I began living in Ho Chi Minh city when I was 8. ->I have ……..……………………………………………………………… 3. She has taught the children in this remote village for five months. ->She started ……………………………………… 4. He hasn’t written to me since April. ->The last time ……………………………………………………………………………… 5. She hasn’t had a swim for five years. ->She last …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. They last talked to each other two months ago. ->They haven’t ………………………………………………………………………… 7. The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999. ->She hasn’t …..…………………………………………………………………… 8. She hasn’t written to me for years. ->It’s years …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Robert and Catherine have been married for ten years. ->It’s ten years ……………………………………………………… 10. It’s two weeks since they cleaned their room. -> They ……………………………………………………………………… 11. It’s over six months since John had his hair cut. -> John ……………………………………………………………………… 12. How long is it since he wrote to me? -> When …………………………………………………………………? 13. When did he last talk to you? -> How long …………………………………………………………………? 14. We have never eaten this kind of food before. - It’s the …………………………………………………………………. 15. This is the first time I have seen this film. - I have never ……………………………………………………………… 16. John began playing the piano ten years ago. - John has …………………………………….......……………………….. 17. He has given up smoking for 2 months. - He started ………………………………………………………………….

1. We started learning English five years ago.
→ We have learnt English for 5 years.
CT: S + have/has + PII + since/for + một mốc thời gian/một khoảng thời gian

2. I began living in Ho Chi Minh city when I was 8.
→ I have lived in HCMC when I was 8.
CT: S + have/has + PII+ since/for + một mốc thời gian/một khoảng thời gian

3. She has taught the children in this remote village for five months.
→ She started teaching the children in this remote village 5 months ago.
CT: S + started/ began + V(ing) + ...

4. He hasn’t written to me since April.
→ The last time he wrote to me was April.
The last time S + V(ed/d) + ...  

5. She hasn’t had a swim for five years.
→ She last had a swim five years ago.
S + last + V(ed/d) + ...

6. They last talked to each other two months ago.
→ They haven't talked to each other for two months.

CT: S + have/has + PII + since/for + một mốc thời gian/một khoảng thời gian

7. The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999.
→ She hasn't seen her elder sister since 1999.
CT: S + have/has + PII + since/for + một mốc thời gian/một khoảng thời gian

8. She hasn’t written to me for years.
→ It's years since she didn't wrote to me.
CT: It's time + since + S + V(ed/d) + ...

9. Robert and Catherine have been married for ten years.
→ It's ten years since Robert and Catherine were married.
CT: It's time + since + S + V(ed/d) + ...

10. It’s two weeks since they cleaned their room.
→ They have cleaned their room for 2 weeks.
CT: S + have/has + V3/ed + since/for + một mốc thời gian/một khoảng thời gian

11. It’s over six months since John had his hair cut.
→ John has had his hair cut for 2 months.
CT: S + have/has + V3/ed + since/for + một mốc thời gian/một khoảng thời gian

12. How long is it since he wrote to me?
→ When did he last write to me?
CT: When + did + S + last V(inf) + ...?

13. When did he last talk to you?
→ How long is it since he talked to you?
How long is it since S + V(ed/d) + ...?

14. We have never eaten this kind of food before.
→ It's the first time we have eaten this kind of food.
CT: It's the first time S + PII + ...

15. This is the first time I have seen this film.
→ I have never seen this film before.
CT: S + have/has + PII + ...

16. John began playing the piano ten years ago.
→ John has played the piano for 10 years.
CT: S + have/has + PII+ since/for + một mốc thời gian/một khoảng thời gian

17. He has given up smoking for 2 months.
→ He started giving up smoking 2 months ago.
CT: S + started/ began + V(ing) + O + ...