What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals. Under most circumstances groups of workers arc better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish, for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a sense directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has bees some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few. What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation. 10. Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer? A. How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks? B. What are the differences between social and solitary insects? C. Why are ants predators? D. Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time? 11. The word "unique" is closest in meaning to A. inherited B. habitual C. singular D. natural 12. The word "rotting" is closest in meaning to A. decaying B. collected C. expanding D. cultivated 13. The word "key" is closest in meaning to A. uncommon B. important C. incidental D. temporary 14. According to the passage, one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from A. one type of food consumption to another B. one environment to another C. a solitary task to a group task D. a defensive to an offensive stance 15. The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate A. the advantages of specialization B. the type of food that larvae are fed C. the ways ant colonies train their young for adult tasks D. the different stages of ant development 16. The author uses the word "Hence" to indicate A. a logical conclusion B. the next step in a sense of steps C. a reason for further study D. the relationship among ants 17. All of the following terms art defined in the passage EXCEPT A. eusocial B. series-parallel sequence C. caste D. predators 18. The word "they" refers to A. termites B. ants C. places D. predators 19. It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites A. live above ground B. are eusocial C. protect their nests D. eat almost no animal substances