I- S + has/ have + not+ VED/3 + for + time  It is + time since S + last+ V(QKĐ) - Eg: Mary has not eaten anything for 3 days. → It is 3 days since Mary last ate something. (remember: since Sb last did St) 1- Tom has not swum for 3 months.  It is…………………………………………………………………………… 2- Jim has not gone out for two days.  It is………………………………………………………………………… 3- Nicky has not seen her for 2 years.  It is………………………………………………………………………… 5- Tom and Alice haven’t lived together for 5 weeks.  It is………………………………………………………………………… II. S + haven’t/ hasn’t + VED/3 St before.  It’s/ This is the first time Sb have/ has+ VED/3 St: 1- We haven’t seen the car before.  It’s the………………………………………………………………………… 2- I haven’t gone there before.  It’s the ………………………………………………………………………… 3- They haven’t performed here before.  It’s the………………………………………………………………………… 4- Nam hasn’t held a girl’s hand before.  It’s the………………………………………………………………………… 5- Duy hasn’t read this kind of story before.  It’s the………………………………………………………………………… III. S + haven’t/ hasn’t done St + for + time  The last time Sb did St was + time + ago.  Sb last did St + time+ ago. 1- She hasn’t eaten fish for 2 months.  She last ate fish 2 months ago.  The last time she ate fish was 2 months ago. 2- We haven’t seen her since last week.  We last…………………………………………………………………………  The last time we………………………………………………………………………… 3- We haven’t met each other since we graduated.  We last…………………………………………………………………………  The last time we………………………………………………………………………… 4- It hasn’t rained for 4 months.  It last…………………………………………………………………………  The last time it………………………………………………………………………… 5- Mc Alister hasn’t cooked since he was sick.  Mc Alister last…………………………………………………………………………  The last time………………………………………………………………………… IV. S + began/ started to V / V-ing ... ago/ when (in)  Sb have/ has done St ... for/ since: Lưu ý: ago for In/ when  before 1- She started to dance ten years ago.  She has danced for ten years. ( ten years la khoảng thời gian vì thế ta dùng for) 2- They began to smoke 20 years ago.  They have………………………………………………………………………… 3- Mr Doone started to work here when he graduated.  Mr Doone has………………………………………………………………………… 4- The nice girl began dancing in 1990.  The nice girl has……………………………………………………………………… 5- We began to study English when we were too young.  We have ……………………………………………………………………………… V. How long have/ has S VED/3 …?  When / How long ago / did Sb begin/ start + toV…? 1- How long have you learnt English?  How long ago did you begin to learn English? 2- How long have you painted the door?  When …………………………………………………………………………? 3- How long have you jogged?  When …………………………………………………………………………? 4- When did you begin to speak Cambodia?  How long …………………………………………………………………………? 5- When did you begin to listen to Big Bang?  How long …………………………………………………………………………?