Câu 1. Viết phương trình điện li các chất trong nước sau: a) Các axit mạnh : HNO3, HCl, HClO4, H2SO4. b) Các bazơ: LiOH, KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2 c) Các muối: MgCl2, Ca(HCO3)2, NaHSO4, NH4Cl, NaH2PO4, Al2(SO4)3. d) Các hiđroxit: Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3. e) Các axit yếu : CH3COOH, HNO2, HClO, H3PO4.

`a)`

`HNO_3->H^{+}+NO_3^-`

`HCl->H^{+}+Cl^-`

`HClO_4->H^{+}+ClO_4^-`

`H_2SO_4->2H^{+}+SO_4^{2-}`

`b)`

`LiOH->Li^{+}+OH^-`

`KOH->K^{+}+OH^-`

`NaOH->Na^{+}+OH^-`

`Ba(OH)_2->Ba^{2+}+2OH^-`

`c)`

`MgCl_2->Mg^{2+}+2Cl^-`

`Ca(HCO_3)_2->Ca^{2+}+2HCO_3^-`

`NaHSO_4->Na^{+}+HSO_4^-`

`NH_4Cl->NH_4^{+}+Cl^-`

`NaH_2PO_4->Na^{+}+H_2PO_4^-`

`Al_2(SO_4)_3->2Al^{3+}+3SO_4^{2-}`

`d)`

`Zn(OH)_2` $\rightleftharpoons$ `Zn^{2+}+2OH^-`

`Zn(OH)_2` $\rightleftharpoons$ `ZnO_2^{2-}+2H^+`

`Al(OH)_3` $\rightleftharpoons$ `Al^{3+}+3OH^-`

`Al(OH)_3` $\rightleftharpoons$ `AlO_2^{-}+H^{+}+H_2O`

`e)`

`CH_3COOH` $\rightleftharpoons$ `H^{+}+CH_3COO^-`

`HNO_2` $\rightleftharpoons$ `H^{+}+NO_2^-`

`HClO` $\rightleftharpoons$ `H^{+}+ClO^-`

`H_3PO_4` $\rightleftharpoons$ `H^{+}+H_2PO_4^-`

`H_2PO_4^-` $\rightleftharpoons$ `H^{+}+HPO_4^{2-}`

`HPO_4^{2-}` $\rightleftharpoons$ `H^{+}+PO_4^{3-}`