1. They have been living in Germany for 5 years. -> It 5 years since they were living in 2. I have never been to Paris before. -> This is ……………………………………………………….. 3. Although he was tired, he managed to finish the marathon race. -> In spite of ………………………………………. 4. It isn’t necessary to finish the work today. -> You don’t ……………………………………… 5. Sally finally managed to get a job. -> Sally finally succeeded………………………………… 6. That’s the last time I went to that restaurant. -> I certainly ……………………………………… 7. This is the fastest way to get to the city center. -> There’s ………………………………………… 8. We arrived too late to see the first film. -> We didn’t …………………………………………….. 9. He wrote the letter in two hours. -> It took ………………………………………………. 10. We haven’t been to a concert for over a year. -> The last time …………………………………….. 11. It’s nearly 20 years since my father saw his brother. -> My father ………………………………………………. 12. The last time I went swimming was when I was in France. -> I haven’t…………………………………………………….. 13. You haven’t tided up this room for weeks. -> It’s…………………………………………. 14. He was last in touch with me three weeks ago. -> He hasn’t……………………………………….. 15. Mr. John hasn’t visited France since 1990. -> Mr. John last……………………………………….. 16. My father used to play football when he was young. -> My father doesn’t …………………………………………… 17. We got lost in the jungle because we didn’t have a map. -> Because of ……………………………………………….. 18. In spite of his age, Mr. Benson runs 8 miles before breakfast. -> Although …………………………………………… 19. I don’t play tennis as well as you do. -> You …………………………………………………. 20. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl. -> She is …………………………………………………

`1.`  It has been 5 years since they first lived in Germany.

`->` S + have/has + P2`|`been + V-ing + for + time

`=` It has been + time + since + S + (first) + Ved/V2

`2.` This is the first time I have been to Paris.

`->` S + have/has + never + P2 + before

`=` This is the first time + S + have/has + P2

`3.` In spite of his tireness, he managed to finish the marathon race.

`->` Although + clause, clause

`=` In spite of + Noun/NP/V-ing, clause: mặc dù...nhưng...

`4.` You don't need to  finish the work today.

`->` It + tobe + necessary + to V 

`=` S + need to + V-bare: cần làm gì

`5.` Sally finally succeeded in getting a job

`->` manage to do sth `=` succeed in doing sth: thành công trong việc gì

`6.` I certainly haven't gone to that restaurant.

`->` That's the last time + S + Ved/V2

`=` S + have/has not + P2 + ...

`7.` There's no way faster than this to get to the city center.

`->` So sánh hơn `-` adj ngắn:
S + tobe + adj + -er + than + clause

`8.` We didn't arrive on time to see the first film.

`->` late `=` not on time: muộn

`9.` It took him two hours to write the letter.

`->` It + takes/took sb + time + to V

`10.` The last time we went to a concert was a year ago.

`->` S + have/has not + P2 + for + time

`=` The last time + S + Ved/V2 + was + time + ago

`11.` My father hasn't seen his brother for nearly `20` years.

`->` It's + time + since + S + (last) + Ved/V2

`=` S + have/has not + P2 + for + time

`12.` I haven't gone swimming since I was in France. 

`->` The last time + S + Ved/V2 + was + when + clause

`=` S + have/has not + P2 + since + S + Ved/V2`|`was/were + adj/Noun

`13.` It's weeks since you last tidied up this room.

`->` như câu `11.`

`14.` He hasn't been in touch with me for three weeks.

`->` S + last + Ved/V2 `|` was/were + adj/Noun + time + ago

`=` S + have/has not + P2 + for + time

`15.` Mr. John last visited France in `1990.`

`->` S + have/has not + P2 + since + năm

`=` S + last + Ved/V2 + in + time

`16.` My father doesn't play football anymore.

`->` used to do sth `=` not do sth anymore

`17.` Because of not having had a map, we got lost in the jungle.

`->` Because of + Noun/NP/V-ing, clause: bởi vì...nên...

`18.` Although Mr. Benson is old, he runs `8` miles before breakfast.

`->` Although clause, clause: mặc dù...nhưng...

`19.` You play tennis better than I do.

`->` So sánh hơn `-` adv ngắn:
S + V + adv-er + than + ...

`20.` She is the prettiest girl I have ever met.

`->` This is the first time + S + have/has + ever + P2 + such + a/an + adj + Noun

`=` S + tobe + the + adj (so sánh nhất) + Noun + S + have/has + ever + P2.