Greetings in all languages have the same purpose: to establish contact with another person, to recognize his or her existence and to show friendliness. The formulas for greeting are very specific and usually do not carry any literal meaning. People say “Good morning” even if it is a miserable day and may reply to “How are you?” with “Fine, thanks” even if they aren't feeling well. Closings, like greetings, are commonly used to exchange with no literal meaning. People who are leaving each other permanently or for a long time shake hands or embrace, depending on the relationship. If you are in an unfamiliar situation and wonder what to do, watch other people or ask. It is interesting, and sometimes very important to learn about the standards of courtesy in different cultural areas of the world, so that we can practise them well and avoid awkwardness in case we get a chance to visit a person or a community of unfamiliar social customs. 1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a purpose of greetings? A.To create contact with the person being greeted. B.To show that you recognize his or her present. C.To show that you are ready to admire him or her. D.To show that you are willing to be his or her friend. 2.Which of the following is a characteristic of the formulas for greeting? A.Literal B.Specific C.Usual D.Common 3.In what way are closings similar to greeting? A.They are common. B.They are exchanges. C.They are familiar. D.They have no literal meaning. 4.According to the passage, what should you do when you are in an unfamiliar situation? A.Observe what other people do. B.Use formulas you know. C.Wonder what you should do. D.Ask your friends for help. 5.Which of the following is a benefit of learning about the standards of courtesy in a different cultural area? A.You can act comfortably when you have a chance to visit the community. B.You can have a chance to visit a community of unfamiliar social customs. C.You can practice meeting with people from different cultural areas. D.You can avoid meeting with a community of unfamiliar social customs