Viết pt điều chế: acid propanoic từ ethylen, diethyl malonat -> acid 3- methyl butanoic, methan -> 2- methyl propanoic

1. acid propanoic từ ethylene:

$C_2H_4+HCl\to C_2H_5Cl$

$C_2H_5Cl+CH_3Cl+2Na\buildrel{{t^o}}\over\to 2NaCl+CH_3-CH_2-CH_3$  

$CH_3-CH_2-CH_3+Br_2\buildrel{{as}}\over\to CH_3-CH_2-CH_2Br+HBr$

$CH_3-CH_2-CH_2Br+KOH\buildrel{{t^o}}\over\to CH_3-CH_2-CH_2OH+KBr$

$CH_3-CH_2-CH_2OH+CuO\buildrel{{t^o}}\over\to Cu+CH_3-CH_2-CHO+H_2O$

$CH_3-CH_2-CHO+Br_2+H_2O\to 2HBr+CH_3-CH_2-COOH$ 

2. diethyl malonate $\to$ acid 3-methylbutanoic  

$CH_2(COOC_2H_5)_2+2NaOH\buildrel{{t^o}}\over\to CH_2(COONa)_2+2C_2H_5OH$ 

$2C_2H_5OH\buildrel{{Al_2O_3, t^o}}\over\to CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2+ 2H_2O+H_2$  

$CH_2=CH-CH-CH_2+HCl\buildrel{{-80^oC}}\over\to CH_3-CHCl-CH=CH_2$

$CH_3-CHCl-CH=CH_2+H_2\buildrel{{Ni, t^o}}\over\to CH_3-CHCl-C_2H_5$

$CH_3-CHCl-CH_2-CH_3+CH_3Cl+2Na\buildrel{{t^o}}\over\to 2NaCl+CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_3$

$CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_3+Br_2\buildrel{{as}}\over\to CH_3-CH(CH_3)CH_2-CH_2Br+HBr$

$CH_3-CH(CH_3)CH_2-CH_2Br+NaOH\buildrel{{t^o}}\over\to NaBr+CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_2OH$

$CH_3CH(CH_3)CH_2CH_2OH+CuO\buildrel{{t^o}}\over\to CH_3-CH(CH_3)CH_2-CHO$

$CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_2CHO+Br_2+H_2O\to CH_3CH(CH_3)-CH_2COOH+2HBr$ 

3. methane $\to$ acid 2-methylpropanoic 

$2CH_4\buildrel{{1500^oC, lln}}\over\to C_2H_2+3H_2$

$C_2H_2+2H_2\buildrel{{Ni, t^o}}\over\to C_2H_6$

$C_2H_6+Cl_2\buildrel{{as}}\over\to C_2H_5Cl+HCl$

$CH_4+Cl_2\buildrel{{as}}\over\to CH_3Cl+HCl$

$C_2H_5Cl+CH_3Cl+2Na\to 2NaCl+CH_3-CH_2-CH_3$ 

$CH_3-CH_2-CH_3+Cl_2\buildrel{{as}}\over\to CH_3-CHCl-CH_3$

$CH_3-CHCl-CH_3+CH_3Cl+2Na\buildrel{{t^o}}\over\to 2NaCl+CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_3$ 

$CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH_3+Br_2\buildrel{{as}}\over\to CH_3CH(CH_3)-CH_2Br+HBr$

(Sau đó điều chế ra alcohol, rồi đến aldehyde, acid)